To take stock of various global activities related to SMRs, as well as discuss emerging challenges and opportunities, the IAEA had its first International Conference on Small Modular Reactors and their Applications in Vienna, Austria, from 21 to 25 October 2024. The purpose of this conference was to provide an international forum to take stock of progress and discuss the opportunities, challenges and enabling conditions for accelerated development and safe and secure deployment of SMRs among all possible stakeholders for SMRs.